Mongolian Grammar

The Mongolian grammar allows you to manipulate the vocabulary to obtain multiple forms of a word. The grammatical rules below are the most important in Mongolian and help connect words or shape the structure. We start with the prepositions:

And: ба, болон [ba, bolon]	Under: доор [door]
Before: өмнө [өmnө]	After: дараа [daraa]
Inside: дотор [dotor]	Outside: гадна [gadna]
With: -тай [ -taĭ]	But: гэхдээ [gekhdkhee]
For: -д [ -d]	From: -аас [ -aas]
To: рүү [rүү]	In: дотор [dotor]

Questions and Adverbs

To ask questions, use the following:

What?: юу? [yuu?]	Who?: хэн? [kheen?]
How?: хэрхэн? [kheerkheen?]	Why?: яагаад? [yaagaad?]
Where?: хаана? [khaana?]

Some of the most important time adverbs:

Never: хэзээ ч [kheezkhee ch]	Rarely: цөөхөн [tsөөkhөn]
Sometimes: хааяа [khaayaa]	Usually: ихэвчлэн [ikheevchkheen]
Always: үргэлж [үrgelzh]	Very: маш, их [mash, ikh]

Most commonly used pronouns in Mongolian:

I: би [bi]	You: та [ta]
He: тэр (эрэгтэй) [kheer (ekheegkheeĭ)]	She: тэр (эмэгтэй) [kheer (ekheegkheeĭ)]
We: бид [bid]	They: тэд [kheed]

To express the possession of something [possessive form]:

My: миний [miniĭ]	Your: таны [tany]
His: түүний (тэр эрэгтэйн) [tүүniĭ (kheer ekheegkheeĭn)]	Her: түүний (тэр эмэгтэйн) [tүүniĭ (kheer ekheegkheeĭn)]
Our: бидний [bidniĭ]	Their: тэдний [kheedniĭ]

Grammar in a sentence

Some random verbs to show how it's being used:

I speak English: би англи хэлээр ярьдаг [bi angli kheekhekheer yarʹdag]

You speak French: та франц хэлээр ярьдаг [ta frants kheekhekheer yarʹdag]

He speaks German: тэр эрэгтэй герман хэлээр ярьдаг [kheer ekheegkheeĭ german kheekhekheer yarʹdag]

She speaks Italian: тэр эмэгтэй итали хэлээр ярьдаг [kheer ekheegkheeĭ itali kheekhekheer yarʹdag]

I visited France: би францд аялсан [bi frantsd ayalsan]

I will drink milk: би сүү ууна [bi sүү uuna]

Some extra grammatical structures:

I understand you: би таныг ойлгож байна [bi tanyg oĭlgozh baĭna]

I don't understand you: би таныг ойлгохгүй байна [bi tanyg oĭlgokhgүĭ baĭna]

I don't speak French: би франц хэлээр ярьдаггүй [bi frants kheekhekheer yarʹdaggүĭ]

This is my house: энэ бол миний байшин [ekhee bol miniĭ baĭshin]

That restaurant is far: тэр ресторан бол хол [kheer restoran bol khol]

No problem: зүгээр зүгээр [zүgkheer zүgkheer]

The above Mongolian grammar can provide tools to use in coordination with the Mongolian vocabulary to obtain some popular Mongolian phrases.

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Did you know? Grammar can help you increase your vocabulary dramatically. Grammar is like a tool which helps you manipulate words in a sentence by changing the shape and location of a word to create something new out of the old one.